High gross profitability + not expensive + clean accounting. The kind of business Buffett writes about.
The business generates high gross margins (pricing power), trades at a reasonable multiple (not frothy), and its earnings quality is clean (real cash flow, not accrual accounting tricks). These businesses compound value over years, not quarters.
Novy-Marx 2013 showed that gross profitability is the strongest quality predictor of future returns — stronger than ROE or net margin. Combined with Piotroski F-Score clean-accounting screen, the signal is durable across regimes.
Quality companies can still be overvalued. If the market has already priced in the compounding, expected returns shrink to the cost of capital. Pattern fires most usefully when there's also an earnings catalyst or mean-reverting valuation compression.